Our Team


Experienced Trainers

Our staff includes experienced trainers whose expertise is critical to today’s needs. Please read the descriptions below of our dedicated staff to learn more about how the Center for Educational Improvement works with a cadre of staff who have expertise in international education, differentiating instruction, early childhood education, special education, school leadership, school improvement planning, and improving reading and math instruction.

Executive Director

Executive DirectorDr. Christine Y. Mason, Executive Director, is a nationally recognized expert in the area of educational reform, teacher mentoring, and special education. Dr. Mason has made over 400 national, state, and local presentations. Her signature presentation is ”the Wow! Factor,” an approach that brings ambience, mystery, fun, and excitement to classes to encourage student interest  in learning. She serves as a consultant and project director for school improvement with several schools in Ohio and Washington DC, providing technical assistance and professional development.  She is a member of DC’s State Common Core Standards Committee (with the Office of the State Superintendent of Education) and is leading a team responding to a State Improvement Grant (SIG) initiative to improve student outcomes for students in Ohio. Dr. Mason is passionate about helping schools capitalize on their strengths and student interests.

  • From 2005-2009, Dr. Mason provided technical assistance to schools and training and supports to teachers to improve the quality of teaching in urban charter schools in Washington, DC.
  • In the Fall of 2009 Dr. Mason helped to establish student-centered learning at an international school in India. While there she also assisted the school in becoming prepared for Cambridge International Accreditation.
  • Dr. Mason has experience directing and evaluating national projects; guiding strategic planning; designing Response to Intervention systems for schools; and researching and implementing reforms in the areas of student-directed IEPs, teacher mentoring, IDEA and services to youth with disabilities, school to work transition, HIV-AIDS prevention, secondary school leadership, teacher recruitment, universal design and adapting/assistive technologies, and inclusive education for all students.
  • Dr. Mason has recently assisted Charter schools in Washington DC in implementing approaches to further standards-based education and data-driven instruction.
  • Dr. Mason also has experience as a Senior Research Associate at the Council for Exceptional Children, a Senior Research Scientist at CESSI, and as a middle school resource teacher.
  • Dr. Mason brings extensive, direct first-hand experience to the Center. She has either taught directly or supervised interns and teachers who teach all levels of students (prek-adults) and all types of exceptionalities – from severe disabilities and autism to learning and behavioral disorders to students who have exceptional gifts and talents.

Staff Spotlight

Suzan Mullane, M.S., Ed., Anchorage Alaska

Ms. Mullane is an expert in autism, gifted education and Special Education. She is certified k-12 and has over 20 years teaching experience at the preschool, elementary, middle and high school levels. Ms. Mullane is an Adjunct Professor of Education at the University of Alaska in Anchorage, has experience as a School Counselor for Anchorage School District, helped to develop and coordinate Anchorage’s STEM initiative, and has been a Gifted Education Coordinator, and a middle and high school English teacher. She has experience as a Suicide Prevention Counselor and has conducted numerous teacher workshops on topics related to at-risk youth, teacher mentoring, STEM. In 2011 she received the North Star Service Recognition Award for her work with at-risk youth in Anchorage. Here is what one recent workshop participant said about her training,”Suzan is an engaging presenter; her workshop on differentiation through STEM was outstanding, worthy of a credit class given the wealth of information. In fact, her presentation was the most helpful over the course of our four days of training.” A principal who participated in another of her workshops, said this: ”Your lesson on Rigor, Relevance, and Relationships through Differentiation was the best I’ve seen!”

Other CEI Staff

Lisa Stepney, M. Ed., Supervisor serves as a school psychologist in Cleveland, Ohio where she interprets test results and writes Multi-factored Evaluations (MFE) reports. She advises special education staff on operating standards determined by the Ohio Department of Education and facilitates Intervention Assistance Team (IAT) meetings, conducts academic, behavioral, cognitive testing and classroom evaluations (K-12) She also assists administration staff with conducting teaching staff evaluations and implementing academic and behavioral interventions, provides monthly professional development to teaching staff, conducts School-Wide Testing to all students in district and provides consultation services to special education staff. Ms. Stepney currently serves as a school improvement specialist conducting walk throughs, observations and teacher coaching in Cleveland and Columbus for CEI.

Shawna Woods received her B.S.A. in Special Education in 2005 from Cleveland State University and is pursuing a M.A. from Walden University in Mental Health Counseling. She currently works as a School Improvement Facilitator for the CEI. Her duties include school improvement, technical supports, demonstration, and coaching to secondary school teachers. She also works at the Present Urban League of Greater Cleveland as a College Access School Based Facilitator. Ms. Woods is cultivating a team teaching approach within PR-CB building with other facilitators. She has also developed and facilitated personal development, professional development and college access workshops for the Cray and Harvest Consulting Groups.

Deborah Bye, M.S. Ed, is currently an online educator, specializing in developing culturally authentic and sensitive material for grades 7 – 12, specifically Alaska Native students. Ms. Bye has experience developing online modules for Developmental English and History and infuses SMART Board and other technologies into education. She is highly qualified and certified in Alaska for social studies and English 7 – 12.  She is a Cherokee Indian with a special interest in Indigenous cultures and how best to nurture at-risk students in an engaging, culturally relevant environment, using differentiation and scaffolding to encourage success.  She has experience directing a Newcomer Center for ESL students, and presenting at ESL conferences; in 2006 she was awarded a Fulbright scholarship to visit Siberia to compare Native Peoples of Siberia and Alaska. She received her M.S. in Secondary Education- U.S. History, from Arizona State University in Flagstaff.

Ben Kinard received his Ph.D. in Educational Policy, Administration & Leadership from the University of Maryland. He currently teaches at Arundel Middle School, and has previous experience at Argosy University where he provided on-line instruction and advice to graduate students. Mr. Kinard also helped develop a technology integration program, as well as Distance Learning and Technology Management classes. His experience as a teacher also includes also includes time at Florida A&M University where he taught Introduction to Educational Technology and Computer Application in Business Education, as well as a period at Arizona State University where he taught Computer Literacy, Animation & Graphics, Evaluation of Computer Software, and Hypermedia. Mr. Kinard is an instructional designer and trainer specializing in standards-based training and program management. His responsibilities have included development of paper and computer-based training, processes for data collection and course evaluation, and stand-up training of light-technical topics, soft skills and team management.

Doranna Tindle is an Assistant Principal at Friendship Collegiate Academy, a public charter school in Washington DC. In her current position, Ms. Tindle leads curriculum development in English Language Arts and implements a school-wide literacy initiative. As an AP English Literature and AP English Language and Composition teacher, she has worked on bridging the gaps between high school and college  writing/thinking skills for the last six years. Her projects include working as a consultant for Bedford St. Martin’s Press, working as a College Board Commissioner to help revise the AP Language course and exam, and helping to write the College Ed curriculum. As one of seven members of the English Academic Advisory Committee, Doranna provides feedback for an array of CB initiatives such as Springboard and College Ed. In addition to her work with College Board, Ms. Tindle was a part of the feedback/validation committee for the Common Core ELA and Literacy standards. Doranna is a seasoned presenter at conferences with NCTE, AP National, Jobs for the Future, and the Woodrow Wilson Foundation. Her latest project has her collaborating with the University of Maryland (UMD) Director of Composition to craft a carefully scaffolded writing curriculum for an 11th grade dual enrollment research and writing course.

Jill  Kreider Suver has worked both in the national and international education field. Currently, Ms. Suver delivers customized presentations utilizing instructor-led, teleconferencing, and web-casting learning solutions. She also has experience training teachers and administrators with new software and usage of digital tools. Ms. Suver has instructed ESL students as well as consultant for non-native English speakers for twelve years. She also participated in “Teaching in Taiwan” and provided professional development to teachers grades third through sixth. Ms. Suver will serve as a Columbus team member and also be available statewide for implementation of technology or meeting the needs of ESL students.

Kathy Ward-Cameron, M.S., Supervisor, is a long time Ohio resident currently living in Virginia, Ms. Ward Cameron holds a Master of Science degree in Child Care Administration from Nova Southeastern University and a Bachelor of Science in Early Childhood Education from East Carolina University. Ms. Ward-Cameron is also the owner/ founding president of the Early Literacy Institute (ELI), a cadre of trainers, evaluators and consultants who offer consultation, evaluation and training services to help early childhood programs provide scientifically-based early literacy and learning initiatives for young children. She served as a research consultant for the National Center for Research on Early Childhood Education (NCRECE) Professional Development Study team, My Teaching Partner, through the University of Virginia and is a certified instructor on the Early Literacy Classroom Observation (ELLCO) through the Education Development Center (EDC) and is a national presenter on the tool for Brookes Publishing.

Ms. Ward Cameron has served as the evaluator of a Head Start Early Literacy and Youth Development Initiative.  She later trained facilitators of HeadsUp! Reading, a 30 hour early literacy course broadcast via satellite to early childhood programs, libraries and universities nationwide, and was the Illinois state coordinator for HUR. Kathy’s work in early literacy is featured in the book, Conversations on Early Childhood Teacher Education: Voices from the Working Forum for Teacher Educators (Gibbons and Gibbs, 2009).

Grace McDaniels, M.Ed., holds a Master’s degree from and is currently a candidate for a Ph.D. from The Ohio State University, studying Early Childhood Education, Multicultural Education, Teacher Education. She was a member of the Academic Teaching Staff at Otterbein College, as well as working as a Data Use Trainer and Introduction and Awareness Trainer for Learning Point Associates.

Dr. Maria O’Connell is currently serving as the evaluator for CEI.  Dr. O’Connell is co-director of Research and Evaluation, and Instructor, at the Program for Recovery and Community Health, Yale University, School of Medicine. Dr. O’Connell is currently Director of Evaluation for the Mental Health Transformation- Systems Infrastructure Grant. She completed an NIMH National Research Service Award postdoctoral fellowship in Intervention and Disability Research at Yale in 2004. Dr. O’Connell has been involved in local and national recovery-oriented system transformation efforts.

Sharlen Smith is intern at CEI and is currently pursuing a BA from George Mason University in Global Affairs and Conflict Analysis and Resolution. She is also receiving a minor in Japanese Studies and in the Spring of 2010, Sharlen spent five months studying at Momoyama Gakuin Daigaku in Osaka, Japan. Sharlen would like to work in the education field and non-profit field upon graduation and is pleased to be working with Dr. Mason and others who are extremely experienced and accomplished.

Carolyn S. Lieberg, M.A., CEI Wow! Education editor, is an award-winning author and editor. Ms. Lieberg has taught English Composition online for the Thomas Edison College of New Jersey since 2007. She also teaches persuasive writing, effective essays, and business writing for Axia College. In 2009, she taught rhetorical analysis of nonfiction writing, and English Composition for Kaplan University. Ms. Lieberg has experience as an adjunct English professor at the University of Iowa where she also served as an Associate Director for the Center for Teaching. She has also served as an editor, researcher and writer at The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, Princeton, New Jersey. She has published numerous books and articles, including: Teaching Your First College Class: A Practical Guide for New Faculty and Graduate School Instructors, (Sterling, VA: Stylus Publishing LLC) in 2008.

Melissa Robinson serves as Regional Auditor and Consultant for the Educational Resource Consultants of Ohio. Ms. Robinson conducts site review audits of overall school district functions, gather and analyze information about school district in written report, ensuring they adhere to all state rules and regulations and that schools are managed properly. Her duties include evaluating the academic, fiscal performance, the organization, and operation of educational facilities, as well as reviewing and verifying contractual, local, state and federal compliance in regards, but not limited to, the following matters:  facilities, medical records, health training and prevention, safety, student welfare and attendance, educational program/plan and accountability, fiscal operations, governance and administration, student academic, assessment, accountability, and Special Education. She also  conducts research into school district areas, community resources.

Zoe Brown, M.A., currently holds a Masters of Arts in Organizational Psychology and Diversity Management Specialization. She worked at Booz Allen Hamilton as a Project Manager, where she crafted a vision for a statewide training office and transformed program objectives into a fully operational office within six months of contract, created an on-boarding system within 45 days of position assignment to support new hires to work on a new contract. As a result of the system, the team successfully performed initial assignments and became fully acclimated to their new roles. She also managed all aspects of a training and technical assistance contract for the Department of Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, and Office of Head Start by leading a team of four training specialists through the design, development, delivery, and evaluation of classroom and online training. Zoe Brown also established a standard project approach to instructional design to ensure consistent and effective training delivery. The team designed over 25 training projects in the areas of management, professional development, school readiness, Early Head Start, oral health, and homelessness. In addition, she designed and delivered an online training for the national network of training offices on stimulating interaction strategies, and PowerPoint presentations that enhance web conferences and virtual meetings. Participants reported that the strategies improved their web conferences and virtual meetings significantly. Prior to this, Ms. Brown coordinated and conducted organizational and training needs assessments as well as strategic planning sessions. In this position, she formulated comprehensive training plans for a caseload of 14 federally funded grantees.

Kevin Simpson, M.Ed. is a Global Education Consultant with (KDSL) Know Do Serve Learn who partners with organizations working to increase student achievement and teacher knowledge. He has worked in a variety of teaching, administrative, and consultant capacities at parochial, public, charter, and international schools located in Washington, D.C., Maryland, Michigan, Virginia, Laos, Qatar, and Dubai. Mr. Simpson is available to facilitate training in math at the middle school and high school levels. Mr. Simpson has been assisting Dr. Mason with training for the past four years and is a gifted trainer and change facilitator.

E. Yvonne Knab, M.Ed., holds her Master’s in Elementary Education from The Johns Hopkins University with a concentration in reading. She is also a CLASS Trainer for Teachstone, Inc. She provides CLASS training programs to educators and researchers, coordinates training events and logistics with clients and Teachstone event staff. She has also worked as a research assistant at the National Center for Research on Early Childhood Education Center for the Advanced Study of Teaching and Learning at the University of Virginia. She provides intensive consultation to Pre-K teachers as part of a national research project, which helps teachers focus on improving their practice by guiding them through the teaching dimensions as outlined by the CLASS Assessment Scoring System based on teacher-student interactions.  Ms. Knab utilizes state-of-the-art technology including video editing, for web-based consultation model.

Ms. Knab has presented at various National, State and District conferences including the following: International Reading Association Convention in April 1991, the Dayton Public Schools Administrative Retreats in June, 1992 and 1993, the School wide Chapter 1 State Conference in September 1994, the Ohio Early Childhood Education and School Age Child Care Conference in October 1994, and the Ohio School Boards Association Capital Conference in November 1994.

Reem Labib, M. Ed., has more than 12 years experience in urban education primarily working with students with special needs in Washington DC. Reem is currently an independent consultant focused on school improvement and school reform efforts both in the United States and the Middle East. Reem has participated as a team member in school quality reviews for six years evaluating schools serving students in grades PreK-12.  She has served as head of schools supervising multiple principals, principal of an inclusive arts-infused elementary school and also as deputy director of professional development for a school district. Reem has a master’s in education with a specialization in curriculum and instruction with a focus on multicultural education. She is currently part of a team implementing a School Improvement Transformation model for a charter school in DC and is co-teaching workshops with Dr. Mason in Washington, DC.

Dr. Mary Thormann, Director of International Education, Center for Educational Improvement. Dr. Thormann has extensive international experience, especially in developing countries, with a focus on teacher training, program evaluation, and access to quality education for all students. She has lived abroad and worked extensively with USAID and other NGOs in India, Ghana, Bangladesh, Thailand, Burma, Kazakhstan, Saudia Arabia, Nepal, Nigeria, Syria and China. She has experience developing policies and assisting organizations and ministries of education  and colleges and universities internationally with teacher development, early childhood, autism spectrum disorders, arts integration, communities of practice, conducting focus groups, and curriculum alignment.

Dr. Kevin Green,“Math Made Simple.” Dr. Green is an engineer with 10 years experience teaching math to high school students and through the University of Phoenix. He has coauthored chapters on teaching and improving math skills. He is also CEO of Live Minds. He has has developed a tailored and customized educational strategy that is targeted towards students who fear math, suffer from math anxiety, and are performing poorly in their math classes, and teachers who want to be more effective in teaching math and be successful in passing the math component of their teacher certification exams (e.g., Praxis I and II).

Jacque Hayden, M.Ed, currently teaches high school English and serves as English Department Chair in Washington, D.C. She delivers professional development workshops to teachers in the Metropolitan Washington area focusing on teaching models (inductive, deductive, project based learning, problem based learning), classroom management, effective teaching strategies, writing across the curriculum, and new teacher induction. Ms Hayden has also worked for the past five years with new and struggling teachers providing support as a mentor and coach.

Dr. Elizabeth Anne Robertson-Tchabo is an Associate Professor in the Department of Human Development, College of Education, University of Maryland College Park. She is interested in the effects of the cultural context on students’ cognitive development and academic achievement and has extensive experience delivering professional development, particularly related to child development and teacher professionalism.

Dr. Sheri Melton,Professor, Department of Kinesiology, West Chester University, Pennsylvania provides technical assistance and training to implement and improve physical education programs. She recently completed a Fullbright at Guru Nanak University in India to design a course in Exercise Physiology and Sports Nutrition. The course covers exercise testing, blood chemistry, biochemistry, obesity level, prescription and biomechanics.

Dr. Jay Shotel is a Tenured Professor of Special Education and Former Chair (1998-2008) of the Department of Teacher Preparation and Special Education at George Washington University. Over the past 20 years, Dr. Shotel has created numerous partnerships with local school systems designed to prepare both regular and special educators and is currently the principal investigator on three such projects. In addition he was an American Council on Education Fellow in 1989-90 and the “Teacher Educator in Residence” at the National Council for the Accreditation of Teacher Education (NCATE) in 1998-99. He was a member of the Committee on Research and Information of the American Association of Colleges for Teacher Education (AACTE) from 1997-2003. He currently serves on the Board of Examiners of NCATE, as a team chair and cadre leader, having served on more than 35 NCATE BOE teams and chairing more than twenty-five. Dr. Shotel’s current interests include performance based teacher education, teacher recruitment and retention issues (including alternative licensure programs), technology applications in teacher education and an ongoing interest in inclusive special education practice with particular emphasis in early intervention. He recently completed a national study sponsored by AACTE focused on federal, state and accreditation mandates and their influence on teacher education practice and is currently the PI on a five year federally funded Teacher Quality grant program.  Dr. Shotel currently teaches the required Legal Issues and Public Policy courses at GW. He will supervise GW interns on specific projects.

Dr. Marco Clark has educational and work experience in diverse educational settings including working as a Principal in Baltimore City School System and Washington DC Public Charter Schools.  Dr. Clark is adept in researching, reporting, and presenting information and being an innovative, visionary, ethical, and competent professional He believes in being a student centered educator and educates with consistency and firmness in his decision-making. He has skills in budgeting and finance as well as urban school reform. Lastly, he served as a K-12 curriculum writer, state assessment proctor and evaluator.

Nadia Torney, M.S.W. and doctoral candidate. excelled for many years of experience in both the legal and academic needs of special learners and is currently completing an Ed.D. with a focus on Organization Leadership.  A former teacher and school director, Ms. Torney has worked with students of all ages and has provided supervision to large numbers of adults. She is a successful Founder of a District of Columbia  Charter School, and has supervised related services providers for the DCPS Office of Special Education. Ms. Torney mobilized Maryland Charter Schools Network’s Advocacy campaign. Distinguished achievements  include: Secured over $ 20  million in grant funding ( 2007-2009), Principal of the year (2003), lead school in making Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) (2007 ) (2009).  Ms. Tornery has made media appearances at FOX, WHUR, Washington Parent Magazine and Washington Post.  [B.A. Psychology and Early Childhood Education; M.S.W.; US Department of Education Fellow ; Ed.D. Educational Administration and Policy (in progress), Howard University]

Latest Blog Posts

  • Visioning the Future of Schools….Visioning the Future
    August 19, 2011

    How closely is the future of schools correlated with the future for all globally? Any guesses?

    What are the 5 top trends in education today? Perhaps: Common Core Standards; Global Competition for the U.S.; more rigor; more technology; and school improvement.  Other recent initiatives: STEM, Charter Schools, project-based learning, preparation for college, and the small school movement– schools within schools. At least for those of us in the U.S. What about internationally?  Some of the global issues – not sure we can call them trends– are education of girls; use of mobile technologies; greater access to college for more, and the International Baccalaureate and Cambridge accreditation programs– so demonstration of meeting international standards.  With the IB and Cambridge come a host of related programs/expectations such as demonstration of knowledge through team collaboration, Socratic seminars, and advanced placements. Where will youth who are completing programs with these trends end up?  Will they become the innovators and scientists of tomorrow? Will they become world leaders?  How will their leadership differ from world leaders today?

    Does any of this make a difference?  Will businesses tomorrow be operated by different standards, values, or principles because of changes in education today?  Will the standard of living continue to rise for countries that expand educational opportunities?  If we were to take several snapshots of classrooms in America today– perhaps at different grade levels, would we begin to see a picture of where our nation is headed? A picture of the work ethic?

    In the U.S. today, there is a heavy emphasis on achievement, learning more, handling more knowledge, demonstrating higher levels of skills.  Will these pieces combine for a future where America continues to lead the world in innovations?  Will that translate to a higher standard of living for Americans in the next 10 years?  Are we able to predict? Does it/will it make a difference?

     

     

     

  • Testing and Common Core
    April 8, 2011

    The “moment of truth” is arriving as students across the country are taking standardized state assessments. Teachers and administrators are both asking “what else can we do?” and simultaneously lamenting the amount of time and energy that goes into test prep and testing. One school discusses peppermint candies for energy; another will have plenty of water on hand to keep students hydrated. Schools are sending notes to parents about the importance of meals and sleep during test week, even as the schools also review their school breakfast and lunch menus to get the most out of these nutrition bursts. Some students will be “paid” for good results, at other schools; students will be rewarded for coming to school during test week.

    Over the past few months, schools and teachers have strategized about ways to make up for lost time — how to help students “catch up” and improve memory skills. Many classes have increased the use of review games such as “Jeopardy” and others have spent hours going over key vocabulary words — words such as “analyze or compare” to help students understand tasks and also  key vocabulary words that will help students understand reading passages. There are even published lists of recommended vocabulary words available online.

    A lot “to do” over….? Well, not exactly nothing. Because under NCLB students are scoring better. We have seen improvements in academic achievement. However, with the Common Core Standards comes an important opportunity to shift how schools approach instruction and assessment of knowledge. So the next two years will be a critical time to take the focus off of minutiae and put it on understanding key concepts. Higher order thinking skills are more integral to the new Common Core Standards. Interesting….so the “truth” about academic achievement – the state of education – will shift with the new measures.  As we leave this “window of testing” and head into the home stretch for the Spring of 2011, schools have an opportunity to begin looking forward and gearing up for the standards to come. This will require a paradigm shift as educators compare their curricula pacing guides to the new standards. As some leading educators have recommended, this may require “leaving things out of the curricula” rather than “squeezing more in.” This could come as a welcome relief to many. And it could present an opportunity to consider again the role of schools, the needs of students, and how to leave behind some of the excess baggage that has been a part of NCLB.

  • Drawing Students into the World of Literature
    March 19, 2011

    Today’s Blog is by Jacque Hayden, English Teacher at Hospitality High Public Charter School in Washington DC

    Drawing Students Into the World of Literature
    Jacque Hayden M.Ed.

    As a teacher of urban youth I have often been challenged with getting my students to read literature that they may not have been exposed to or may initially feel intimidated by. Building excitement, making real-world/life connections, and offering meaningful projects with a range of options has been the key to getting my students to buy into literature of all types. With this approach I am able to open the world and the world of literature to my students in ways that they may otherwise not be exposed to.

    My students are as excited about the class content as I am. In my early years of teaching I realized that my fear, boredom and even intimidation was as contagious to my students as was my joy, love, passion and excitement. I decided then that part of my job as a teacher was that of an actress. If my students are going to be influenced by my attitude and outlook then I better be sure that I communicate what I truly want them to feel about the world of literature. When I introduce a work of literature I am excited. I love it! My students say, “Ms. Hayden you love everything we read. Why do you love books so much?” This lets me know that I am achieving the intended effect.’

    No matter what we are reading I always bring in background information about the historical, political, and religious influences during the time that the literature was written in the form of news clippings, pictures, artifacts or even food. I have the students make connections between what was going on in the world during the time that any piece of literature was written. This helps them see into the world of the author and to understand the motivation and purpose for writing. I also have students compare and contrast the historical, political and religious influences of the time of a work of literature with their world today. This helps them to make personal connections. When students can connect with personal experiences it draws them in.

    My classroom comes alive during conversations in which we look at the world now vs. then. I recall teaching the Scarlet Letter. Students were outraged by the unfair treatment of women. They also came to the conclusion that even though official laws have changed, there are still double standards today for the sexual desires and behaviors of men and women. When discussing the role of women and men in the novel How the Garcia Girls Lost Their Accents, my students were able to compare their own family expectations and traditions and compare those to the experiences of the Garcia sisters. They also had deep discussions about staying true to your culture as well as how the way in which people came to the United States influenced cultural awareness, pride, and expression of both.

    There is no new literature. It is all influenced by human experience, which while it may evolve over time it is inevitably linked to basic human needs, experiences and emotions. This is the message that I challenge my students to prove wrong time and time again. They have not proven me wrong but their desire to explore humanity and to make connections keeps them deeply engaged.

    Projects are frequent in my classroom. I know that students understand the literature when they can write and argue passionately about it. You cannot make valid arguments and speak and write articulately about that which you do not understand. I give general comprehension tests to gauge that my students are reading and generally understand what they are reading but the projects challenge them and require them to go beyond the surface to the depths of literature and human experience.

    When reading Dante’s Inferno part of the literature project required students to take a test based on their own life choices. Their project also included a paper in which they had to create their own “Hell” using Dante’s Hell as a model. Their hell had to have a guide just like Dante and it had to include levels. Having my students complete this project let me know that they not only understood Inferno but they were also taking a good look at themselves and their life decisions. They were completely engaged during the entire experience. Instead of whining about taking a quiz or answering comprehension questions, they came in grabbed their laptops, took out their novels and literature journals, and got to work. The classroom discussions about Inferno and this project were some of the most passionate that I have witnessed in a high school literature classroom.

    My point here is that urban learners can and will read any literature that any other student can and will read. The key is that you must draw students in and make connections. Once you start this process for students they will take over and push themselves deeper and deeper into the discussion and analysis of literature and human experience.

  • The U.S. is Playing Catch-Up: Education in Singapore and Finland
    February 20, 2011

    According to the 2009 Program for Student Assessement (PISA) given by the Organziation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the U.S. placed average in reading, math, and science compared to 57 other countries tested. Finland and Signapore, however, placed in the top tiers of the PISA. So what are these countries doing differently to bring their students to have the highest academic achievement of the world, and how can the U.S. learn from them?

    Finland

    Finland’s educational system has evolved over the years to meet the social and economic needs of its people. Since the 1970s, Finns have strived to improve their education system. According to (OECD), Finland is now rated as the number one country in education.  In recent years, the Finnish approach to curriculum has also evolved. Finns have replaced lengthy prescriptive curriculum guides with shorter, less detailed guides. The current national math curriculum, for example, is under 10 pages. However, the Finnish focus on higher order thinking skills, and the system emphasizes creative problem-solving skills.

    In Finland, there are high expectations for all students, and teachers provide accommodations such as tutoring and remedial specialists to students as soon as assessments confirm a need for such services. Many classrooms have two or more teachers and co-teaching is the norm. When educators found that students had the greatest difficulties in grades 7 through 9, they began to provide more money and time to support these students.

    What of the teachers? All teachers are required to hold Master’s degrees in their field and only the top 10% of the over 5000 applicants are accepted into university education programs. Teaching is a prestigious profession in Finland. Instead of teaching to a standardized test like we do here in the United States, teachers in Finland are able to choose their own books and design their own curriculum.

    Singapore

    Like Finland, Singapore is ranked close to the top according to the results on the PISA test given by the OECD. However, Singapore’s approach to education is very different from Finland’s. Education in Singapore is very systematic and students are broken into different abilities almost their entire educational career as opposed to Finland’s more collective approach. Students in Singapore start their education at a young age, around 3 years old. They continue their schooling in the primary levels at age 6 which is broken into foundation and orientation stages. At the end of their 6 years at the primary level, they must take a Primary School Leaving Exam (PSLE) to determine if they are ready to leave primary grade levels. Students’ performance scores determine their placement in the secondary schools.

    At the secondary level, students are again broken up into “Special,” “Express,” “Normal (Academic)” and “Normal (Technical).” Each category is determined by the score on the PLSE. Recently, however, Singapore has begun to offer an “Integrated Program” in which students are allowed to take 6 years of secondary education and then take the exam for the International Baccalaureate.

    Rigor

    Both Finland and Singapore have infused rigor throughout their educational systems and both countries have high expectations for students. These expectations are based on cultural norms and education is highly regarded and supported by the general populous in both countries. In the U.S., rigor has been assoicated with scores on standardized assessments. While this has produced some increases in test scores, a culture of high expectations has still not inflitrated many schools. What else could be introduced to turn this around?